The workshop was aimed at urban regeneration of a "villa miseria" more precisely "Villa 20" also called "Villa Lugano.
What is a "villa miseria?
In Argentina, "Villa Miseria" is an informal settlement made ase precarious. They take their name from the novel by Bernardo Verbitsky entitled "Villa Miseria también es América" \u200b\u200b(1957), which describes the terrible living conditions of internal migrants during the "Infamous Decade." During the various governments, civil or military, has tried with different outcomes, to resolve the problem by breaking down the barracks for evicting its inhabitants crammed into huge barracks of concrete as tall as skyscrapers.
The redevelopment of the "Villa 20" covered not only the problem in urban, but also architectural. In fact, it was also required the design of the module housing under this measure of pre-plot 6x12 meters. The feature was that the cell population had high compositional characteristics of flexibility possible even over several years.
Masterplan
Table 1
The approach we have adopted the first design was an analytical type on urban and social dynamics of Villa Miseria, developing as a methodology for intervention and investigation appropriate to obtain new urban values \u200b\u200bcapable of meeting the social needs of the contemporary cityscape.
This came after an inspection of the "villa20" to be aware of the seriousness of the situation on which we prepare to intervene, and numerous lectures given by professors of FADU and the President of the Villa in question. The conference shed light on the disastrous framework on which we are called to intervene, describing the precarious situation in which they are the inhabitants of the villa, which covers an area of \u200b\u200b33,000 square meters in which 27,000 people live, social problems, economic , sanitation, lack of services and infrastructure in support of daily living (water, sewer and electric), exclusion from the rest of the city.
These are problems common to all villa miseria, but particularly affects the villa 20 as it is one of the few that is located within the metropolitan area, the others are in the suburbs.
From the geographical point of view "Villa 20" insists on a triangular plot of almost flat. It is bordered on one side with the strict orthogonal grid of the city (called the "quadricula") consists of blocks of 100x100 meters, and on the other side of a road vehicle with high mileage, a railway and an open area on a gentle slope, now used as a repository of old cars. This deposit is adjacent to a golf course, this is an indication of how poverty and wealth are not extreme conditions later in life so far. The increase in house building type is spontaneous and thus creates the conditions for sustainability to the limit in the way of its inhabitants.
The redevelopment of the Villa 20 provides for the new urban area that is used today as a deposit in order to build new homes in order to decrease the density of housing that maintains 20 villa stratified and "spread" so that density on a site larger. This operation obviously requires the intervention of the municipality of Buenos Aires undertakes to carry out the infrastructure works and to provide raw materials for the construction of the houses of citizens. Will then be the same population to provide labor by building their own home, following the directions of the base module and each time choosing the variants proposed is considered appropriate with regard to the provision and distribution pattern of the interior.
The analysis of the urban fabric of the villa and its surroundings has been the starting point.
Observing some historical aerial photos dating back to 1980 and 2004 we managed to reconstruct the process of growth in the area for that time until today.
In 1980, the "Villa" was less dense in terms of building, the width of the streets was and the number of roads was higher than in 2004, thus ensuring a healthier.
In 2004 many of these streets have been invaded by an increase in housing that has expanded like wildfire encroaching on the empty spaces in the "Villa".
A 'further reflection, always springs from the observation of historical images, refers to the multitude of paths that have spontaneously left the inhabitants of the house retracing the same route several times in a lawn that has now become a large deposit of old cars . In 24 years these trails have increased substantially, and most of these converge in the same point on the road with heavy traffic. This point coincided with the only bus stop in the area.
To solve the urban problem, the connection of the villa with the city, it was necessary to talk to the prevailing three areas, namely: irregular mesh of the Villa 20, the regular grid of the city (quadricula) deposit and the area covered by the new intervention . This is coming
studying the reticular meshes of the different urban areas, then it was decided to create a new network of union, but hierarchical in its tracks.
The new urban grid resembles to the layout of some existing trails in the free zone (to maintain a strong sign created spontaneously by the passage of the inhabitants), on the border with the other cities the new urban fabric finds its continuation in the meshes of quadricula broken and twisted streets of Villa 20.
The hierarchy of routes consists of vehicular roads with different road section (two-way and one way) and footpaths to encourage a range of weaker users, pedestrians.
To solve the problem of connection between the Villa and the area 20 of the new development has thought of a shopping street that stretches along the southern boundary of the Villa.
were evenly placed in some services, such as a cultural center, a town hall, a multipurpose hall, schools, hospital and an emergency room, so that each block could enjoy in the immediate vicinity of one or more services.
The presence of vegetation is critical to the climate of Buenos Aires, because it helps to humidify the air, to reduce the sunny mind, and purify the air in the city is very polluted. Villa 20 in the vegetation is completely absent, for this reason the new town planning requires the presence of small green areas but evenly distributed throughout the area subject to master.
Local culture dictates that all 'inside of the house there should be a football field, and that for no reason it should make way for the construction of the barracks. The football field is the only public space that is respected by the whole community of the villa. In our master fields are all located along the commercial street that we have mentioned previously.
The livability of the house has been improved by assuming the existing 20 to make a thinning of the existing housing through the demolition of all buildings that had occupied the land along the streets that form the urban layout of the villa of the '80s.
area subject to master all the lots have the same size: 6x12. Within this area will lease the new office container.
The new process of urbanization, is intended to translate into reality emptying as a settlement of the population from poverty ancient Villa in favor of a new population in the project area. This exodus would favor the possibility of demolishing some houses in the ancient villa that had grown up "choking" the city already precarious situation, decreasing the population density.
Study of the habitation module
The design of new housing form carries with it special features about the compositional flexibility, adaptability to the social, economic and cultural, on the feasibility and simplicity of its construction and building materials all'reperimento.
The module is designed as a crystal that grows around the cell base. Starting from the consideration that the disposable income of the inhabitants of the villa is limited, this condition is reflected in the economic resources available for the construction of their home. So the form of housing construction starts from the fixed core that is composed of minimum essential services. They are the stairwell, to a place that is understood as a unique and versatile where you cook, eat and sleep and a bathroom. The kitchen and bathroom face the street so you can have some openings and enjoy natural lighting and ventilation, while the staircase remains outstanding. The staircase is conceived as one of the main works to be executed because later will be used to make the rooms to be built on the first floor. At this stage it is primarily designed to take advantage of the flat surface of the roof is often used for washing and drying clothes.
The core functional defines a fixed plant and a linear front, from this we can develop the growth of housing, both in depth and height, creating more flexibility in the plant that is in the prospectus. This process gives rise to a crystallization of the housing structure that is built around Part of the services needed to live.
Each batch is characterized by a partly built overlooking the street, while on the back patio is always a way to ensure a private space that is open for improved lighting and ventilation inside the rooms. This versatile
settlement mechanism allows for infinite types of growth of the living model. Building it as the first part of the house the core, then, depending on the economic possibilities of the owners and the increase of family members you can add modules of the bedrooms that can be placed either on the ground floor, and to plans higher.
The building tradition of the place was met by adopting a concrete structure with brick curtain walls and floors in brick and cement. To limit costs and mitigate the environmental impact the building is plastered. Every citizen is free to paint their home's favorite color, as long as the colors are mixed with natural pigments to the plaster as required by the typical tradition of South America.
References and design theories developed
Nikos Salingaros theories relating to urban composition, and the connection of 'architecture the city and the city's architecture has been instrumental in the development of the project. The reference books are:
Salingaros N., Connetting the Fractal City in Principle of Urban Structure, Amsterdam Holland, Techne Press, 2005 N. Salingaros & Bruce J. West, A Universal Rule for the Distribution of Size, pp.909-923 in Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design26, 1999.
Nikos A. Salingaros, David Brain, Andrés M. Duany, Michael W. Mehaffy & Ernesto Philibert-Petit, Favelas and Social Housing: the urban car-Organization, 2006.
Project winner
The workshop concluded with an exhibition of projects of all groups participating in the room "Horacio Ballero" of FADU, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo dell'Universitad de Buenos Aires.
A jury of an international call has declared the group winner of the Workshop was able to develop the best urban and architectural design concept for the redevelopment of the Villa 20.
The winning project was "PVC process of urban composition" consisting of the architects Alessia Marcolongo, Stefania and Laura Parei Vuillermoz, André Antunes, Gaston F. Cammarata.
From left to right: Gaston F.
Cammarata, Alessia Marcolongo, Laura Vuillermoz, Stefania Pareos, André Antunes.
AbitaZone The Workshop, now in its fourth edition, has obtained the necessary funding from a local bank in order to realize the effective implementation of a living module that will serve as a cornerstone for the future of villa20.
Following the ceremony the agreement has taken with respect to the drafting of the winning executive, with some small measures to improve the already excellent results obtained.
The return to Italy has seen the sabotage of the winning project, distorted in all its parts, both in the internal distribution, the concept of flexibility, both in terms of construction techniques, unrealistic in economic and social context as a "villa miseria."
Exhibition at the World Congress of Architecture. Turin 2008
Despite the disappointment and the bitterness of this episode, the original project was exhibited with great honor at the World Congress of 'Architecture took place in Turin (July 2008).
The exhibition in the Pavilion is pounces in high-tech bamboo. The theme of the exhibition suggested a reinterpretation of Slums, from place to place to escape the challenge of defining new opportunities for development based on citizenship, social inclusion and architecture for all.
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